Matemática Interactiva é un proxecto que acolle aplicacións educativas desenvolvidas sobre a máquina virtual Java e agrupadas en catro bloques:
Este proxecto xurdiu na Shodor Education Foundation (Estados Unidos) e chega a nós a través da traducción ó español de Eduteka (Fundación Gabriel Piedrahita Uribe, Colombia).
Amnistía Internacional (AI) publicou antonte unha “acción urxente” sobre a situación de Basel Ghalyoun, quen fora expulsado de España pouco despois de ser absolto en apelación na causa polos atentados do 11-M. Chegou nun avión a Siria e detivérono cando baixaba del. Desde entón sofre arresto en réxime de incomunicación.
O documento de AI leva por título Syria: Incommunicado detention / Torture: Basel Ghalyoun (m). Copio un extracto do seu contido:
Basel Ghalyoun has been held in incommunicado detention by the State Security Branch in the capital Damascus since 22 July 2008. Amnesty International is concerned that he is at risk of torture or other ill-treatment.
He was forcibly returned to Syria from Spain on 22 July and arrested immediately upon arrival at Damascus International Airport. According to his lawyer, since his arrest he has been allowed only one phone call to his family, who had been waiting for him at the airport.
In October 2007, Basel Ghalyoun was convicted by Spain’s National Criminal Court of involvement in the 11 March 2004 bomb attack on commuter trains in Madrid that killed 191 people. However, on 17 July 2008, the Supreme Court acquitted him of all charges on appeal. The Court ruled that he had Islamist views and had been in contact with some of the people responsible for the terrorist attack, but found no evidence indicating that he was personally involved in the actual attack.
Basel Ghalyoun left prison on the day of his acquittal, but was immediately told that he was under an expulsion order, and was taken into police custody to await expulsion to Syria. Neither Basel Ghalyoun nor his lawyer knew of the expulsion order until Basel Ghalyoun was taken into custody. His lawyer was not given the documentation which would have enabled him to appeal against the order until it was already too late to do so.
Basel Ghalyoun had lived in Spain since 2001, when he arrived on a student visa. He later obtained a residency and work permit and was present legally in the country when he was arrested.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Torture and other ill-treatment are widespread in Syria’s detention and interrogation centres. People suspected of affiliation to unauthorized Islamist groups or of possessing information about terrorism are at particular risk of arbitrary arrest and imprisonment in Syria. In 2007, more than 170 people were sentenced after grossly unfair trials before the Supreme State Security Court (SSSC), criminal courts and military courts; most were alleged to be members of unauthorized Islamist groups. In March 2007 the SSSC convicted 24 men from the Qatana area, near Damascus, of “forming an organization formed with the aim of changing the economic or social status of the state” and “weakening nationalist sentiment”, apparently solely on the basis of “confessions” which the men said had been extracted from them under torture. The SSSC sentenced them to between four and 12 years in prison, but failed to investigate the men’s torture allegations.
RECOMMENDED ACTION: Please send appeals to arrive as quickly as possible, in English, Arabic, French or your own language:
- urging the authorities to release Basel Ghalyoun immediately unless he is to be charged with a recognizably criminal offence;
- calling on the authorities to guarantee that he will not be tortured or otherwise ill-treated, and reminding them that Syria is a state party to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment;
- urging the authorities to immediately allow him visits from his family, a lawyer of his choosing and any medical treatment he may require. [...]
Enlaces relacionados:
Human Rights Watch publicou hoxe un informe sobre as violacións dos Direitos Humanos que sofren os refuxiados e outros migrantes, nomeadamente os que veñen de Iraq, en Grecia e en Turquía. O informe leva por título “Stuck in a Revolving Door: Iraqis and Other Asylum Seekers and Migrants at the Greece/Turkey Entrance to the European Union”. Copio un extracto da súa introducción:
Iraqis are currently the largest nationality group of asylum seekers lodging new claims in the European Union (EU), and Greece has become their favored entry point. But Greece does not want this role, nor do Iraqis appear to want to stay in Greece, but would prefer to seek asylum in countries to the west and north. However, Iraqi asylum seekers find themselves stuck in Greece. First, they can’t move onward because EU asylum law, via the Dublin II regulation, normally requires asylum seekers to lodge their claims for protection in the first EU country in which they set foot and they also can’t move back home because of fear of war and persecution. They are almost never provided asylum in Greece.
Most Iraqi refugees attempt to enter the EU via the Greek islands off the coast of Turkey or by crossing the Evros river that marks Greece’s land border with Turkey. Despite having 1,170 kilometers of porous land borders and 18,400 kilometers of coastline, including islands in close proximity to Turkey, Greek police and Coast Guard authorities are zealous in their efforts to prevent irregular entry. In 2007, Greek police recorded 112,369 arrests for illegal entry or presence. However, Human Rights Watch believes this is the tip of the iceberg. Many, perhaps most, of the apprehensions in the border region are not recorded at all.
Police in the Evros region (northeastern Greece) systematically arrest migrants on Greek territory and detain them for a period of days without registering them. After rounding up a sufficient number of migrants, the police take them to the Evros river at nightfall and forcibly and secretly expel them to the Turkish side.The Turkish General Staff has reported that Greece “unlawfully deposited at our borders” nearly 12,000 third-country nationals between 2002 and 2007. Because this number only indicates those migrants who the Turkish border authorities apprehended and registered and many evade arrest, the actual number that Greece has summarily expelled is very likely to be higher.
In addition to summary expulsions of migrants from inside Greek territory, Greek police and Coast Guard officials also push migrants back from the border or from Greek territorial waters, in some cases puncturing inflatable boats or otherwise disabling them before setting them adrift as they push them toward the Turkish coast. When rounding up and expelling migrants, border-enforcement officials usually make no effort to communicate with them or to do any screening whatsoever to determine their possible needs for protection and in some cases beat and otherwise mistreat them.
This report is about obstacles placed at the Greek entrance to the EU that prevent Iraqis and other asylum seekers and migrants from entering the European Union or that summarily expel them when they do. It includes testimonies from Iraqis and other asylum seekers and migrants on both sides of the Greek-Turkish border about pushbacks and summary expulsions from Greece, inhuman and degrading conditions of detention in Greece, Greek police and coast guard brutality and harassment, and the blocking of access to asylum in Greece as well as the denial of asylum and other forms of protection to those needing it.
This report is also about abusive treatment of migrants by Turkish border authorities in the border region with Greece, including inhuman and degrading conditions of detention in direct violation of Turkey’s obligations under the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR). Once detained, such migrants have no meaningful opportunity to seek asylum or other forms of protection in Turkey and are often held indefinitely until family or friends are able to provide them return tickets. Turkey, which has placed a limitation on the Refugee Convention that only recognizes Europeans as refugees, continues to put Iraqis apprehended at the Greek border on buses and return them to Iraq without giving them any meaningful opportunity to seek protection before being returned.
Given the risk of serious harm arising from generalized violence and widespread targeted persecution in Iraq, Human Rights Watch regards Turkey’s return of Iraqis apprehended at the Greek border, in the absence of meaningful opportunities to seek asylum, as a violation of the principle of non-refoulement, the cornerstone of refugee rights law that prohibits the return of a refugee to persecution. International human rights law in the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Punishment or Treatment (CAT) also prohibits returning anyone to face torture. On the regional level, Article 3 of the ECHR also prohibits European states from returning anyone who would face a real risk of torture or inhuman or degrading treatment.
Human Rights Watch believes that Greece is violating the principle of non-refoulement not only by returning to Turkey Iraqis who may be subjected to onward return to Iraq, but also by returning any migrants to Turkey because they face a real risk of inhuman or degrading treatment there. The conditions that Human Rights Watch found at the Tunca center in Edirne, in particular, show that migrants returned from Greece are systematically and consistently subjected to inhuman and degrading conditions. By returning migrants to such conditions, Greece is in breach of its obligations under the ECHR. [...]
Da “memoria histórica” falou, nun discurso que leu hoxe, Antonio María Rouco Varela (presidente da Conferencia Episcopal Española). Dixo, entre outras cousas:
“[...] A veces hay que saber olvidar. [...] A los jóvenes hay que liberarlos, en cuanto sea posible, de los lastres del pasado, no cargándolos con viejas rencillas y rencores [...]“
Pero un pouco máis abaixo entra en flagrante contradicción. Decidan os lectores se é hipocrisía, lapsus freudiano ou sobredose de “non míre-los nosos pecados senón a fe da túa igrexa”:
[...] En este contexto es bueno recordar también, con las palabras de la Plenaria de noviembre de 1999, la necesidad de perdón y de signos de reconciliación en todos los campos: “Deseamos pedir el perdón de Dios para todos los que se vieron implicados en acciones que el Evangelio reprueba, estuvieran en uno u otro lado de los frentes trazados por la guerra. La sangre de tantos conciudadanos nuestros derramada como consecuencia de odios y venganzas, siempre injustificables, y, en el caso de muchos hermanos y hermanas como ofrenda martirial de la fe, sigue clamando al Cielo para pedir la reconciliación y la paz” [...]
Hai que olvidar ás víctimas do franquismo pero canonizar a varios centos de “mártires”, cuxo sangue é inolvidable. Hai que educar ás novas xeracións na amnesia selectiva, alienar conciencias mediante censura ou mediante sobreinformación. Verdade non hai máis que unha e fomos escollidos por Deus para administrala.
Enlaces relacionados:
En galego, a letra “x” pronúnciase de varias formas. Distinguirei dúas:
Un caso especial é o das palabras que admiten dúas grafías, como “esaxerar / exaxerar”, “esixir / exixir”, “osíxeno / oxíxeno”, “sesaxesimal / sexaxesimal”… Consúltese ó respecto o punto 8.7 das Normas ortográficas e morfolóxicas do idioma galego (Real Academia Galega / Instituto da Lingua Galega).
En caso de dúbida podemos acudir ó Vocabulario Ortográfico da Lingua Galega (Real Academia Galega / Instituto da Lingua Galega) ou ó Dicionario de Galego (Editorial Ir Indo).
Aí van algunhas palabras onde o “x” se pronuncia “ks”: anafilaxe, anaptixe, anexo (“unido”), anorexia, anoxia, ántrax, asfixia, ataraxia, ataxia, axe, axial, axila, axioma, axón, axonométrico, bórax, boxeo, buxácea, clímax, complexo, convexo, córtex, coxal, crucifixo, elixir (“esencia”), epistaxe, exabrupto, exacerbar, exacto, exaltar, exame, exasperar, execrar, exequias, exhalar, exhaustivo, exhausto, exhibir, exhortar, exiguo, exilio, eximir, existir, éxito, éxodo, exonerar, exorcismo, exotérmico, exótico, exuberante, exultante, flexión, galaxia, hexacordo, hexágono, hexasílabo, inexorable, laxante, laxo, lexema, léxico, loxodromía, luxación, luxímetro, maxilar, máximo, mixolidio, mixomatose, nexo, ortodoxo, óxido, oxímoro (sic), plexo, paraplexía, praxe, prefixo, profilaxe, proxeneta, próximo, saxífrago, saxofón, saxón, sexenio, sexo, sílex, sintaxe, sufixo, taxon (sic), taxi, taxidermista, tixotropía, tórax, tóxico, uxoricidio, vexilo.
O caso de haxiografía é estraño e non o inclúo na lista. A súa etimoloxía (do latín hagiogrăphus, e este do grego ἅγιος, santo, e do latín -grăphus) así como a súa evolución en linguas romances como o portugués (hagiografia) ou o italiano (agiografia) fanme pensar que o redactor do VOLG cometeu un erro ó marcar esta palabra coa pronuncia “ks”. Quizá por iso o Dicionario de Galego online de Ir Indo non marca esa pronuncia en ningunha das palabras derivadas da raíz grega “haxio-” (santo).
Amnistía Internacional publicou estes días unha nota de prensa sobre os centos de miles de civís atrapados pola guerra en Sri Lanka, sen axuda humanitaria e sometidos a recrutamento forzado. Copio o seu contido a continuación:
Sri Lankan government must act now to protect 300,000 displaced
The humanitarian crisis in the Wanni region of northern Sri Lanka is worsening as the government fails to provide shelter and protect over 300,000 displaced civilians.
Tens of thousands of families are now enduring the monsoon season with limited food, shelter, water or sanitation. They fled their homes to escape the fighting between the Sri Lankan military and the opposing Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).
These civilians are trapped in the LTTE-controlled Wanni region. The Tigers continue to forcibly recruit one person per family with recent steep recruitment of younger people. The LTTE have hindered people from moving to safer places by imposing a strict pass system.
In some instances they have forced family members to stay behind to ensure the return of the rest of the family. The LTTE also controls the movement of displaced people within the Wanni. These measures seem designed in part to use civilians as a buffer against government forces.
Denied outside aid and humanitarian assistance
In September, the Sri Lankan government ordered the United Nations (UN) and non-governmental aid workers to leave the region. The government then assumed total responsibility for ensuring the needs of the civilian population affected by the hostilities are met.As yet, despite assurances that it has the situation under control, there is evidence to suggest that the Government of Sri Lanka lacks the capacity to provide the required humanitarian relief to displaced people and the civilian population in the Wanni.
In particular, the government agencies and their staff will face difficulties in responding to the needs of the displaced without the assistance of the humanitarian agencies. The Indian government has recognised the gravity of the situation by choosing to send 2,000 tonnes of relief material to Sri Lanka. The deliveries are to be managed through the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
The Sri Lankan government has refused to allow independent international monitors into the Wanni to oversee and ensure that convoys with food, medical and other essential supplies enter into the area, as well as to oversee the distribution of such supplies.
Severe food shortages
According to the World Food Programme (WFP) standard food list, approximately 773 tonnes of food is required per week to feed the 230,000 currently registered under the WFP scheme in the Wanni. The last three convoys only carried 650 tonnes, 750 tonnes and 462 tonnes of food each. So, immediate and long term food security remains an issue.It is estimated that approximately 35 percent of the Wanni’s rice and vegetable producing areas are no longer accessible. Displaced people report that they are already pawning or selling jewellery to buy basic food items. Lactating mothers and infants are especially vulnerable as they are not receiving adequate supplementary food to meet their specific needs.
Tens of thousands without shelter
By the time aid agencies had left on 16 September, they had built 2,100 temporary shelters. Government agents for the Kilinochchi and Mulaithivu districts have estimated that at least 20,000 families are in need of shelter. The Government of Sri Lanka’s recent suggestion that cadjan (palm leaf) is appropriate shelter does not live up to the minimum standards required for the shelter needs of the displaced. Many families are living in the open under makeshift shelters.Many displaced people have gathered in areas that were once paddy land and prone to flooding. Shelter agencies had previously assessed some of this land as potential sites for displaced people and found them unsuitable.
Recent images from the Wanni show that people have torn up rice sacks to hang over bits of wood in a desperate attempt to make their own shelters. Without proper shelter people are having problems keeping food and other essentials dry and are more vulnerable to snakes.
“People’s access to livelihoods has shrunk. There’s no boat fishing and many people are displaced from paddy lands… many of their fields are now conflict zones and full of unexploded ordnance,” said Sam Zarifi, Amnesty International’s Asia-Pacific Director.
Lack of sanitation, safe drinking water and medicine
The heavy monsoon rains last until mid February. The average monthly rainfall at the moment is 300mm. While the rains have slowed down the fighting, they have wreaked havoc on the displaced population. There is an increased risk of disease outbreak with limited access to medicines. The healthcare system in the Wanni desperately needs staff and supplies as hospitals have closed or been forced to move with the relocation of displaced populations. If malaria cases develop patients will find it hard to access relevant treatment.Local authorities have estimated 5,230 temporary toilets are needed. Ninety five percent of the displaced do not have proper latrine facilities, leave aside having separate toilet and sanitation facilities to meet the practical gender needs of women, according to local NGO workers who were engaged in constructing temporary toilets.
Due to a blockade of cement, toilets cannot be built in the standard method and the Wanni health authorities have approved a toilet with the basin set on wooden floor and drums sunk into the ground as pits. Unless immediate action is taken Wanni health authorities fear it may be too late to save the displaced population from outbreak of epidemics.
Acute shortage of safe drinking water has already precipitated a crisis resulting in the development of various water-borne ailments including diarrhoea. Health officials said the safe water and sanitation in the region has become a major problem causing infections.
Amnesty International is calling upon the Sri Lankan government to give assurances of unimpeded humanitarian access to provide for the immediate material needs of the displaced and assure their safety. The government must ensure the safety and support of humanitarian workers and their families, especially those who remain in the Wanni.
“The Sri Lankan government and the LTTE must allow international monitors to assess the needs of the thousands of people trapped in the Wanni and to ensure proper distribution of food and other resources. Furthermore, international staff played an indispensable role in protecting local humanitarian aid workers from the LTTE’s abuses,” said Sam Zarifi.
Read More
Tens of thousands at risk in Sri Lanka as fighting escalates (News story, 19 August 2008)
Sri Lanka: Civilians continue to face deadly daily threat (Press release, 11 July 2008)
OCHA map of humanitarian access to Sri Lanka as of 12 August 2008
Amnistía Internacional informou estes días sobre o desaloxo forzado dunha vila de Camboxa, no cal o exército puxo lume ás casas e deixou á intemperie ós seus habitantes. A nota de prensa leva por título “Security forces in Cambodia forcibly evict 300 families”. Copio o seu contido a continuación:
Security forces in Kampot Province, southern Cambodia this week forcibly evicted around 300 families and burnt their homes to the ground.
Around 100 soldiers, police, military police and Forestry Administration officials took part in the forced eviction in Anlong Krom village in the Chhuk District.
The largest group present belonged to Brigade 31 of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces. It has been reported that they were carrying firearms including AK47s and handguns.
Around 130 houses, mostly thatched huts built with straw and leaves, were burnt down on 17 November, leaving homeless families spending the night in the open. Many slept on the ashes of their homes. The security forces burnt down the remaining 170 houses the following day.
“The immediate priority is for authorities to provide emergency relief, including adequate shelter, food, clean water and medical assistance to the homeless families from Anlong Krom village. Then the government needs to ensure they have access to adequate alternative accommodation and compensation, and conduct a full inquiry into how they lost their homes,” said Brittis Edman, Amnesty International’s Cambodia researcher.
Amnesty International has learnt that members of the mixed force beat and kicked many of the villagers. Three people had to be taken to hospital for their injuries.
At no time during the two days were villagers or human rights monitors shown any documentation providing for the legal basis for the eviction.
“There was no prior notice, no eviction order, no court decision. This eviction speaks volumes about the state of rule of law in Cambodia,” said Brittis Edman.
According to human rights monitors, the local authorities claim that the village is an illegal settlement; poor farmers have settled on the land there, which they thought was vacant. Some families have told human rights workers they moved onto the land up to six years ago, while others have settled there more recently. Many of the settlers are believed to have been landless and the community in Anlong Krom was living in poverty.
At least 3,100 families, or approximately 15,000 people, have been affected by forced evictions in Cambodia so far this year. Some 150,000 Cambodians are known to be living at risk of forced eviction in the wake of land disputes, land grabbing, agro-industrial and urban redevelopment projects.
The Cambodian government has an obligation under international law to protect the population against forced evictions. Whether they are owners, renters or illegal settlers, everyone should possess a degree of security of tenure which guarantees legal protection against forced eviction, harassment and other threats. The prohibition on forced evictions does not, however, apply to evictions carried out by force in accordance with the law and in conformity with international human rights law.
Amnesty International is urging the Cambodian authorities to end all forced evictions and declare and introduce a moratorium for all mass evictions until legislative and policy measures are in place to ensure that evictions are conducted only in full compliance with international human rights laws and standards.
Read More
Law used against housing activists in Cambodia (Report, 26 September 2008)
Cambodia: Lake filling must not lead to forced evictions (Press release, 27 August 2008)
Cambodia burns homes of the poor (Report, 11 February 2008)
Amnistía Internacional publicou estes días un informe de 76 páxinas sobre as violacións dos Direitos Humanos cometidas contra os civís no conflicto do pasado verán en Osetia do Sur. Tódalas partes belixerantes cometeron estes abusos, tanto os exércitos regulares de Xeorxia e Rusia, como as milicias locais.
O informe leva por título “Civilians in the line of fire: The Georgia-Russia conflict”. Copio un extracto da súa introducción:
From the onset of the five-day war between Georgia and Russia in the self-proclaimed
republic of South Ossetia in August 2008 the conflicting parties failed to take necessary measures to protect civilians from the hostilities. Villages and residential areas in towns were bombed and shelled, and some civilians reported being bombed while fleeing their villages. The overall number of civilian deaths outnumbered that of combatants, and in communities across the conflict divide homes, hospitals, schools and other mainstays of civilian life were damaged or destroyed. Extensive pillaging and arson by militia groups loyal to South Ossetia wrought large-scale destruction to several Georgian-majority settlements on territory controlled by Russian armed forces at the time. The conflict displaced nearly 200,000 people at its peak, and leaves a legacy of long-term displacement for tens of thousands unable to return to home in the foreseeable future.Information collected by Amnesty International in visits to the region in August 2008, together with that from other sources, raises concerns that serious violations of both international human rights law and international humanitarian law were committed by all parties, both during the course of the conflict and in its aftermath. This report highlights these concerns.
International humanitarian law comprises legal obligations binding upon all parties to an armed conflict, be they states or armed groups. These obligations, which apply only in situations of armed conflict, serve to protect primarily those who are not participating in hostilities, especially civilians, but also combatants, including those who are wounded or captured. International human rights law applies both in armed conflict and peace time. This report presents the findings of Amnesty International’s enquiries into alleged violations of international humanitarian law and human rights abuses by Georgian, Russian and South Ossetian armed forces. [...]
Ademais do informe, pode verse un vídeo relacionado no canal en YouTube de Amnesty International:
Nota: varios vídeos que incluín no blog xa non están en YouTube. Os denunciantes abusan do copyright...
Queremos un dominio galego. Os cataláns xa o teñen...
Mapa interactivo da Cluster Munition Coalition onde pode verse quen asinou o tratado de prohibición das bombas de fragmentación e quen o ratificou; quen as usou, produciu ou almacenou; e quen se viu afectado por elas:
