“10 motivos para ser antinuclear” (Greenpeace España)

Este texto é unha copia do usado na campaña “10 motivos para ser antinuclear” que lanzou en outubro do 2008 Greenpeace España. Eu xa asinei. Non sempre estou de acordo coas accións de Greenpeace, pero penso que a loita contra a contaminación debe estar por riba das rivalidades entre “familias” políticas. Supoño que no texto haberá, tamén, algo que poida parecer superficial ou propagandístico, pero iso pásalle a calquera decálogo… :-)

1. La energía nuclear es muy peligrosa. La tragedia de Chernóbil ha demostrado la capacidad de dañar y generar catástrofes de esta fuente de energía.

2. La energía nuclear es la más sucia. Las centrales nucleares generan residuos radiactivos cuya peligrosidad permanece durante decenas de miles de años y cuya gestión, tratamiento y/o eliminación son cuestiones aún no resueltas.

3. La energía nuclear es la que menos empleo genera por unidad de energía producida. Menos que cualquier energía renovable. Según datos de Comisiones Obreras publicados en un informe de febrero de 2008.

4. La nuclear es una energía muy cara. Necesita fuertes subsidios estatales (que pagamos todos…) de forma continua para poder existir. Un ejemplo: el coste de la gestión de los residuos radiactivos en España, según los cálculos de la Empresa Nacional de Residuos Radiactivos (ENRESA), será de más de 13 000 millones de euros solo hasta 2070.

5. La energía nuclear no es necesaria. Los casos de Alemania y Suecia permiten comprobar que, si hay voluntad política, es posible abandonar la energía nuclear al tiempo que se reducen las emisiones de CO2 en cumplimiento con el Protocolo de Kioto.

6. La energía nuclear no es la solución al cambio climático. Nunca podrá ser una solución económicamente viable y eficiente para reducir emisiones de CO2 en la lucha contra el cambio climático. De hecho, la energía nuclear está excluida de los mecanismos financieros del Protocolo de Kioto.

7. La energía nuclear no genera independencia energética. España importa el 100% del uranio que se emplea como combustible en sus centrales nucleares, por lo que nuestra dependencia del extranjero al respecto es total.

8. La energía nuclear también se acaba. Las reservas de uranio-235 (el combustible de los reactores nucleares) servirán solo para unas pocas décadas más.

9. La energía nuclear no tiene el respaldo social. Las encuestas de opinión muestran que la inmensa mayoría de los ciudadanos españoles rechazan esta forma de producir electricidad.

10. La energía nuclear es incompatible con un modelo energético sostenible. No cumple ninguna de sus premisas: no es económicamente eficiente, ni socialmente justa, ni medioambientalmente aceptable.

Coro de Cámara “Giovanni Bardi”

Nestes vídeos podemos escoitar ó Coro de Cámara “Giovanni Bardi” (Lanzarote, España; directora: Josefina González Gil), acompañado polo grupo instrumental “Hexacordo” (Cuenca, España). O repertorio é unha marabilla. Hai algún semitono que non queda claro, e a gravación podía ser millor, pero son cousas do directo… :-) Habedes encontrar máis vídeos no canal en YouTube do Coro de Cámara “Giovanni Bardi”, e partituras (edicións prácticas) para moitas destas pezas na Choral Public Domain Library.

Antonio de Ribera (do Cancionero de Palacio, compilado arredor do 1510): “Por unos puertos arriba”

Gabriel Mena (do Cancionero de Palacio, compilado arredor do 1510): “De la dulce mi enemiga”

Alonso Mudarra (dos “Tres libros de música en cifra para vihuela” publicados no 1546): “Claros y frescos ríos”

Diego Pisador (do “Libro de música de vihuela”, publicado no 1552): “La mañana de san Juan”

Juan Arañés (primeira metade do século XVII): “Un sarao de la chacona”

Nigeria: “Arbitrary Killings by Security Forces” (HRW report)

Human Rights Watch (HRW) publicou esta semana un informe sobre os asasinatos perpetrados pola policía e polo exército na cidade de Jos (Nixeria) entre o 28 e o 29 de novembro do 2008. O informe leva por título “Arbitrary Killings by Security Forces: Submission to the Investigative Bodies on the November 28-29, 2008 Violence in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria”. Copio un extracto da súa introducción:

On November 28-29, 2008, deadly clashes between Muslim and Christian mobs and the excessive use of force by security forces left hundreds dead in Jos, Plateau State. Muslim and Christian authorities have collectively documented the deaths of more than 700 people in the two days of violence. In responding to the inter-communal violence, the Nigerian police and military were implicated in more than 130 arbitrary killings, mostly of young Muslim men from the Hausa-Fulani ethnic group. HRW documented 133 of these killings but believes that the actual number of arbitrary killings by security forces may be substantially higher than these figures. While most of the inter-communal violence took place on November 28, the vast majority of the killings by the police and military came on November 29, the same day that Plateau State Governor Jonah Jang issued a “shoot-on-sight” order to security forces.

HRW researchers documented 15 separate incidents of arbitrary killings by the police during which at least 74 men and boys, all but two of them Muslims, were killed. The vast majority of police killings were perpetrated by the anti-riot Police Mobile Force, commonly referred to as the MOPOLs. HRW also documented eight incidents involving the arbitrary killing of 59 men by the military. According to witnesses, all of these victims were Muslim men, most were young, and nearly all were unarmed at the time they were killed.

In December 2008 and February 2009, HRW carried out 18 days of on-the-ground research in Jos. Human Rights Watch researchers conducted 151 interviews with Muslim and Christian witnesses, victims, and perpetrators of the violence, human rights activists, religious leaders, local and international journalists, businessmen, Red Cross officials, lawyers, police and military authorities, Plateau State government officials, members of political parties, and electoral officials. HRW has in addition conducted extensive research into government discrimination against “non-indigenes” in Nigeria and the causes and context of violence in Plateau State, including the major outbreaks of sectarian violence in Jos in 2001 and Yelwa in 2004.

HRW urges these investigative bodies to investigate the allegations of widespread killings by security forces as well as the circumstances surrounding, and consequences of, Governor Jang’s shoot-on-sight order. [...]

Congo (DRC): “Soldiers Who Rape, Commanders Who Condone” (HRW report)

Human Rights Watch publicou a semana pasada un informe sobre a violencia sexual na República Democrática do Congo (ex Zaire), centrado nas violacións perpetradas por soldados e mantidas na impunidade polos oficiais ó mando. O informe leva por título “Soldiers Who Rape, Commanders Who Condone: Sexual Violence and Military Reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo”. Copio un extracto da súa introducción:

In the Democratic Republic of Congo, tens of thousands of women and girls have suffered horrific acts of sexual violence. The government army, the Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (FARDC), is one of the main perpetrators, contributing to the current climate of insecurity and impunity in eastern Congo. FARDC soldiers have committed gang rapes, rapes leading to injury and death, and abductions of girls and women. Their crimes are serious violations of international humanitarian law. Commanders have frequently failed to stop sexual violence and may themselves be guilty of war crimes or crimes against humanity as a consequence. Although other armed groups also commit brutal acts of sexual violence against women and girls, the sheer size of the Congolese army and its deployment throughout the country make it the single largest group of perpetrators.

The destructive long-term physical, psychological, and social effects of sexual violence on the victims cannot be underestimated. The situation is particularly bad for girls, who are at risk of serious injuries after rape, and whose health is at risk if they get pregnant. Their future is often compromised as they have difficulty finding a partner, drop out of school, are rejected by their own family, or have to raise a child born from rape while still being a child themselves.

This report looks at abuses of sexual violence committed by the FARDC, efforts to stop it, and why such efforts have failed so far. More specifically, the report looks at the 14th brigade as an example of the wider problem of impunity. Since its creation in 2006, this brigade has committed many crimes of sexual violence in different areas of North and South Kivu in eastern Congo. It has also been responsible for abductions, killings, torture, looting and extortion. Without sufficient food or pay, soldiers have attacked the civilian population to loot and extort goods.

Abuses against civilians peaked when the brigade was cantoned with almost no provisions in Kabare, South Kivu between January and August 2008. Officially, since March 2009 the 14th brigade has ceased to exist when it was amalgamated with combatants from other armed groups into two new brigades-a process that saw former armed opposition units assimilated into the FARDC without any vetting and only limited training. The command structures of the 14th brigade provide the backbone of some units, and many Congolese, including soldiers, still refer to former 14th brigade troops as the 14th brigade. Sexual violence by them has continued to the present. Many of the soldiers from newly integrated armed opposition groups have also committed acts of sexual violence. [...]