Morales / Fuenllana: romance “De Antequera sale el moro” (Shirley Rumsey, voz e vihuela)

Hoxe traio un romance fronteirizo (trata da conquista de Antequera, unha batalla moi importante na Historia do Emirato de Granada). Este romance tivo, ademais da súa vida oral, unha vida “escrita”, pois púxolle polifonía Cristóbal de Morales e finalmente aparece transcrito e publicado por Miguel de Fuenllana no Libro de musica para vihuela, intitulado Orphenica Lyra (Sevilla, 1554).

O romance interprétao aquí Shirley Rumsey (voz e vihuela). É un pracer escoitala, canta e toca con extrema dozura, aínda que o encaixe das sílabas, melismas e sinalefas é un pouco estraño e podería millorarse…

Para a letra usei, entre outras, The Lied and Art Song Texts Page. A transmisión oral orixina variantes e por iso hai discrepancia entre as diversas fontes. A ortografía está “actualizada”. Poño entre corchetes o que non se canta nesta interpretación:

De Antequera sale el moro, de Antequera, aquesa villa;
cartas llevaba en su mano, cartas de mensajería.

[Iban escritas con sangre, y no por falta de tinta;
el moro que las llevaba ciento y veinte años había,
ciento y veinte años, y el moro de doscientos parecía;
la barba llevaba larga, muy larga hasta la cinta;
con la cabeza pelada la calva le relucía;
toca llevaba tocada, que muy gran precio valía;
la mora que la labrara por su amiga la tenía;
caballero en una yegua que grande precio valía;
no por falta de caballos, que hartos él se tenía;
alhamar en su cabeza con borlas de seda fina.
Siete celadas le echaron, de todas se escabullía;
por los campos de Archidona a grandes voces decía:
- Si supiésedes, el Rey moro, mi triste mensajería,
mesarías tus cabellos, y la tu barba vellida.
Tales extremos haciendo llega a la puerta de Elvira;
vase para los palacios donde el Rey moro vivía;
encontrado ha con el Rey, que del Alhambra salía
con doscientos de a caballo, los mejores que tenía.]

Ante el Rey cuando le halla tales palabras decía:
- Mantenga Dios a tu Alteza, salve Dios tu Señoría.

[- Bien vengas, el moro viejo, días ha que te atendía.
¿Qué nuevas me traes, el moro, de Antequera, esa mi villa?
- No te las daré, buen Rey, si no me otorgas la vida.
- Dímelas, el moro viejo, que otorgada te sería.]

- Las nuevas que ¡oh, Rey! sabrás no son nuevas de alegría,
que ese infante Don Fernando cercada tiene tu villa.

[Muchos caballeros suyos la combaten cada día;
aquese Juan de Velasco y el que Enríquez se decía,
el de Rojas, y Narváez, caballeros de valía,
de día la dan combate, de noche hacen la mina.]

Los moros que estaban dentro cueros de vaca comían:
si no socorres, el Rey, tu villa se perdería.

Libya executes 18 (AI press release)

Amnistía Internacional (AI) publicou a semana pasada unha nota de prensa condenando as 18 execucións levadas a cabo recentemente en Libia. A nota leva por título “Libya executes 18 by firing squad”. Copio o seu contido a continuación:

AI has condemned the reported execution by firing squad of 18 people, many of them foreign nationals, in Libya on Sunday.

Cerene, a newspaper closely affiliated with Saif al-Islam al-Gaddafi, son of Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi, reported that the 18, including nationals of Chad, Egypt and Nigeria, were executed after being convicted of premeditated murder.

“AI opposes the death penalty in all cases, as the ultimate form of cruel and inhuman punishment and a violation of the right to life”, said Malcolm Smart, AI’s director for the Middle East and North Africa.

“In the case of Libya, we fear that death sentences are handed down after proceedings which fail to satisfy international standards for fair trial”.

Fourteen people were executed in the capital, Tripoli, Cerene reported, while the four other executions were carried out in Benghazi, Libya’s second largest city. Their identities have not been made public by the Libyan authorities.

More than 200 people are currently on death row in Libya, the Cerene report said. They are believed to include a large number of foreign nationals against whom the death penalty appears to be used disproportionately. They are often not provided with interpretation or translation assistance during legal proceedings, which are conducted in Arabic, or access to their own government’s consular representatives.

Foreign nationals are also at a disadvantage compared to Libyans in seeking commutation of their death sentences because they generally have limited financial means and lack a family network in Libya that can assist them by negotiating with the family of their alleged victim.

In cases of qisas (retribution for murder) and diya (financial compensation or blood money), the murder victim’s next-of-kin may agree to pardon the person convicted and under sentence of death in return for financial compensation.

To date, the Libyan government has resisted moves towards the abolition of the death penalty. In December 2007 and 2008, Libya was among the minority of states that voted against successful UN General Assembly resolutions calling for a worldwide moratorium on executions.

“The Libyan authorities must declare a moratorium on executions and join the international trend towards abolition of the death penalty”, said Malcolm Smart. “They should also commute the sentences of all those on death row”.

“Last Sunday’s dreadful events should not be repeated. The authorities should reveal the identities of the 18 people who were executed and vow to desist from further executions.”

AI urges the authorities to ensure that the most rigorous internationally-recognized standards for fair trial are respected, particularly in death penalty cases.

“It is unconscionable that people may still be sentenced to death and executed in Libya after trials which fail to meet the highest international standards,” said Malcolm Smart.

Libyan courts continue to hand down death sentences, mostly for murder and drug-related offences, although it may also be imposed for a wide change of other offences, including the peaceful exercise of the right to freedom of expression and association. There are no official statistics available on the number of people sentenced to death and executed annually in Libya.

AI’s repeated requests for the Libyan authorities to share detailed information on the imposition of the death penalty have not been granted.

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