Bradley Lehman video: “Tuning a harpsichord in Bach’s temperament”
Do doutor Bradley Lehman xa falei en dúas anotacións:
- “Bradley Lehman rehearsing Ricercare a 6 from the Musical Offering (BWV 1079)”
- “Bradley Lehman, a afinación de Bach e os afectos”
Segundo Lehman, investigador e intérprete de cravo e de órgano, a que nos mostra neste vídeo sería a “auténtica afinación” de Johann Sebastian Bach, proposta na obra Das Wohltemperirte Clavier. Con esa afinación, ou se queredes con ese temperamento, soaría moito millor a música de Bach (e non so), e ademais veríanse claros os afectos expresados por cada tonalidade.
Neste vídeo non toca obra ningunha, o que fai é afinar un cravo. Disque se desafinan en dous días, así que se queres tocar un, terás que aprender como se afina (sigas ou non o temperamento que este home propón). En realidade el ten moi mal oído, é o gato quen lle di co rabo se debe subir ou baixar… :-)
Copio e pego a presentación que o propio Bradley Lehman puxo en YouTube para este vídeo:
Tuning a harpsichord (cembalo, clavecin) in just a few minutes, by ear, using the tuning sequence I believe is illustrated on the title page of Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier (1722).
Research by Bradley Lehman, 2004, following up a doctoral project I had done 1993-4 in “modified meantone” tuning as applied to Bach’s music.
First published in an _Early Music_ (Oxford University Press journal) article, February-May 2005. Two printed portions and five web files comprise that article.
This hands-on demonstration: 2007, Bradley Lehman at home. Flemish-style harpsichord built by Anne Acker.
For full details about this tuning method and its musical implications, see http://www.larips.com . Articles, CDs, free online samples, links to additional resources. The articles show how Bach’s drawing is mapped to the notes in the tuning sequence.
F-C-G-D-A-E 5ths (or 4ths) double-tempered; E-B-F#-C# pure 5ths/4ths; C#-G#-D#-A# single-tempered (very slight).
I believe this specific unequal tuning method was Bach’s intention for at least that book of music, the Well-Tempered Clavier, playing music in all 24 major and minor keys.
Time to set up the temperament by ear, from a single tuning fork: about 5 minutes. Time to do the entire instrument: about 8 to 20 minutes. As reported by Bach’s son Carl Philipp Emanuel, it never cost JSB more than a quarter hour for the whole thing. (Get the tuning done quickly so there’s more time left for playing or improvising! And it’s going to be stable for only a day or two anyway, with normal weather fluctuations, so it’s good to develop an efficiency of setting and maintaining this quickly).
Also check my other YouTube videos for examples of music played with this tuning: harpsichord and organ. Various full-length CDs are available, played by me and others variously on harpsichords, organs, and fortepianos: LaripS recordings
